Kenneth boulding is an economist and founder of the society for general systems theory. the five main classes of service systems with the systems hierarchy include integrative systems, exchange systems, threat systems, parasitic
systems, and
self-abusive systems
achievement systems
prey/predator systems
peer systems

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

Which of the following tends to result in a decrease in the selling price of houses in an area? a. an increase in the population of the city or town. b. an increase in the labor costs of construction. c. an increase in the income of new residents in the city or town. d. an increase in mortgage interest rates.

Upper a fish farm raises salmon and trout.a fish farm raises salmon and trout. the marginal cost of producing each of these products increases as more is produced. draw the firm's ppf. label it ppf1. the fish farmfish farm adopts a new technology that allows it to use fewer resources to feed the salmonfeed the salmon. draw a ppf that shows the impact of the new technology. label it ppf2.