The discussion of abstraction in section 1.3.1 noted that one does not need to understand the makeup of the components as long as "everything about the detail is just fine." the case was made that when everything is not fine, one must be able to deconstruct the components, or be at the mercy of the abstractions. in the taxi example, suppose you did not understand the component, that is, you had no clue how to get to the airport. using the notion of abstraction, you simply tell the driver, "take me to the airport." explain when this is a productivity enhancer, and when it could result in very negative consequences.

About 20 years ago, sturdy light, inc., produced a sturdy, lightweight backpack in a market that was rapidly growing. sturdy light became a leader in this market. eventually, the backpack market reached the maturity stage and slowed down. however, by this time, sturdy light had developed a strong brand name and continued to steadily lead the market. which of the following describes this scenario? a. sturdy light was a star that developed into a cash cow. b. sturdy light was a question mark that developed into a star. c. sturdy light was a dog that developed into a question mark. d. sturdy light was a cash cow that developed into a star.