The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Pear co.’s income statement for the year ended december 31, as prepared by pear’s controller, reported income before taxes of $125,000. the auditor questioned the following amounts that had been included in income before taxes: equity in earnings of cinn co. $ 40,000 dividends received from cinn 8,000 adjustments to profits of prior years for arithmetical errors in depreciation (35,000) pear owns 40% of cinn’s common stock, and no acquisition differentials are relevant. pear’s december 31 income statement should report income before taxes of

The following information is needed to reconcile the cash balance for gourmet catering services. * a deposit of $5,600 is in transit. * outstanding checks total $1,000. * the book balance is $6,400 at february 28, 2019. * the bookkeeper recorded a $1,800 check as $17,200 in payment of the current month's rent. * the bank balance at february 28, 2019 was $17,410. * a deposit of $400 was credited by the bank for $4,000. * a customer's check for $3,300 was returned for nonsufficient funds. * the bank service charge is $90. what was the adjusted book balance?