Which of the following is true of markets characterized by positive externalities? a. social value seldom exceeds private value; therefore, social quantity is less than private quantity. b. social value exceeds private value, and market quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. c. social value exceeds private value, and market quantity exceeds the socially optimal quantity. d. social value is less than private value, and market quantity exceeds the socially optimal quantity.

What is "staffing level"? a) the practice of assigning the same number of workers to each department b) the average educational level attained by employees of a business c) the rank above cashier d) the number of workers assigned to jobs at a particular time

Select the word from the list that best fits the definition sometimes

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu