For trade secrets to effectively protect intellectual property, it is important that the innovation cannot be easily reverse engineered, a process by which a firm can take a rival's product and determine how it was produced. patents are important when reverse engineering is easy. in the chemical business, firms try to develop lower-cost processes for producing chemical products, but the chemical product itself does not change. therefore, examining the product does not reveal the new process, so reverse engineering is not feasible. with a computer chip, on the other hand, the innovation is embodied in the chip so rivals can copy the chip. which industry would you expect to rely more on trade secrets than patents for intellectual property protection? explain briefly

Consider the local telephone company, a natural monopoly. the following graph shows the monthly demand curve for phone services and the company’s marginal revenue (mr), marginal cost (mc), and average total cost (atc) curves. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 price (dollars per subscription) quantity (thousands of subscriptions) d mr mc atc 8, 60 suppose that the government has decided not to regulate this industry, and the firm is free to maximize profits, without constraints. complete the first row of the following table. pricing mechanism short run long-run decision quantity price profit (subscriptions) (dollars per subscription) profit maximization marginal-cost pricing average-cost pricing suppose that the government forces the monopolist to set the price equal to marginal cost. complete the second row of the previous table. suppose that the government forces the monopolist to set the price equal to average total cost. complete the third row of the previous table. under average-cost pricing, the government will raise the price of output whenever a firm’s costs increase, and lower the price whenever a firm’s costs decrease. over time, under the average-cost pricing policy, what will the local telephone company most likely do

Sue now has $125. how much would she have after 8 years if she leaves it invested at 8.5% with annual compounding? a. $205.83b. $216.67c. $228.07d. $240.08e. $252.08

Which of the following best explains the purpose of protectionist trade policies such as tariffs and subsidies? a. they make sure that governments have enough money to pay for fiscal policies. b. they give foreign competitors access to new markets around the world. c. they allow producers to sell their products more cheaply than foreign competitors. d. they enable producers to purchase productive resources from everywhere in the world.