Aproduction manager is responsible for a production budget and can potentially earn an additional bonus for minimising production costs and coming in below budget. recently he was told informally by a supplier at a social event that the price for the most heavily used material at the factory will definitely be reduced by 10% during the next year, as the result of a recent official regulatory decision, to be announced shortly in the media.
the production manager has been asked to prepare next year’s budget urgently for the production director, so that the overall budgetary targets for the company may be finalised.
as he has not heard officially about the price reduction at the time of submitting the budget, the production manager includes the current year’s material cost price as the budgeted cost and bases his total costs on this, knowing that this will build some ‘slack’ into his budget when the price reduction eventually comes through.
discuss the reasons for and against, from one of the two main ethical perspectives above?

Calculate the cost of each capital component—in other words, the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs), and the cost of equity (ignoring flotation costs). use both the capm method and the dividend growth approach to find the cost of equity.calculate the cost of new stock using the dividend growth approach.what is the cost of new common stock based on the capm? (hint: find the difference between re and rs as determined by the dividend growth approach and then add that difference to the capm value for rs.)assuming that gao will not issue new equity and will continue to use the same target capital structure, what is the company’s wacc? e. suppose gao is evaluating three projects with the following characteristics.each project has a cost of $1 million. they will all be financed using the target mix of long-term debt, preferred stock, and common equity. the cost of the common equity for each project should be based on the beta estimated for the project. all equity will come from reinvested earnings.equity invested in project a would have a beta of 0.5 and an expected return of 9.0%.equity invested in project b would have a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 10.0%.equity invested in project c would have a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 11.0%.analyze the company’s situation, and explain why each project should be accepted or rejected g

Suppose you hold a portfolio consisting of a $10,000 investment in each of 8 different common stocks. the portfolio's beta is 1.25. now suppose you decided to sell one of your stocks that has a beta of 1.00 and to use the proceeds to buy a replacement stock with a beta of 1.55. what would the portfolio's new beta be? do not round your intermediate calculations.

Four students are at an extracurricular activity fair at their high school and are trying to decide which clubs to join. some information about the students is listed in this chart: which describes which ctso each student should join?