Which of the following is not an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs? a. run chartsb. pass chartsc. cause-and-effect diagramsd. flowchartse. pareto charts

The correct answer is B. Pass charts.

Explanation:

The tools play a very important role in Lean Six Sigma, since its use helps to obtain costs, speed and quality jumps. Very similar to Six Sigma, the DMAIC model is used to make improvements.

The tools used in Lean Six Sigma are:

- SIPOC: This term refers to Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Output and Customers. Basically SIPOC is a diagram that provides visual answers to the questions that are required to understand the process. The resulting diagram is as important as the steps involved in creating this diagram and the participation of team members in generating ideas and discussion sessions.

- Stakeholder Analysis: Using this tool, stakeholders are listed and the impact of the improvement project on each of them is evaluated.

- Customer Voice (VOC): VOC tools such as interviews, focus groups, suggestion boxes are used to provide data on the representation of customer requirements and views. Kano's analysis is used to convert this raw data into qualitative and quantitative data.

- Matrix Cause Effect: The tool is used to tabulate the effects and calculates the scores that are eventually used to classify the causes, and also to measure the matrix used to select the inputs to focus.

- Data Collection Plan: This tool includes all decisions related to the data to be collected, the determination of the sample size, the identification of the data sources, the development of the data collection sheets and the allocation of data. Data collection tasks among team members.

- Pareto chart: This tool is a bar chart where the horizontal axis represents the categories. The Pareto chart is a tool that focuses the team's effort on the most important problems.

- Scatter Charts: In this tool, two variables are drawn together in a graph that provides a visual indication of how well the variables correspond to each other.

- Fishbone Diagram: Using this tool a large arrow is drawn along with the effect of whose causes are analyzed, shown to the right at the end of the arrow. When this information is available, the causes are examined and indicated for each category in its corresponding branch.

Regression Analysis: This tool can also be considered as the mathematical equivalent of the scatter plot. In regression analysis, it is derived in an equation to express the dependence of one of the variables with one or more of them.

- Error Proof: When the proper design of processes and equipment is used, the possibility of errors is completely eliminated. An error-proof example is the design of online forms, which cannot be submitted if they are incomplete or with incorrect data.

- Hypothesis Test: This tool is used to test the validity of the hypotheses that could be related to the impact of the causes on the effects.

- Project Management: Whenever you agree on a solution, it is implemented as a project. This solution will then require the use of project management tools such as communication, planning, monitoring and risk assessment.

- Standard Operating Procedures (SOP): The new operating practices, which have been improved, will now be coded in an operating manual that operators can refer to. This manual avoids errors that could lead to inefficient practices again.

- Statistical Process Control: This tool is used to prepare control charts that reflect the improved capabilities of the process. This control chart is used to monitor overtime performance.

- Visual Management: The basic principle of visual management is that an employee must be able to walk through the work area and obtain 90% of the information. The 5S organization, the illustrations of the process steps that are placed near the process, as well as the SIPOC diagram and the value flow maps are used to achieve visual management.

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