During 2017, customers purchased gift cards from lattebucks, all of which expire on december 31, 2019. at the end of 2018, some of the gift cards still have not been redeemed. how should the unredeemed gift cards be reported on lattebucks’s 2018 year-end financial statements?

Fortress international, a large conglomerate, procures a few component parts from external suppliers and also manufactures some of the key raw materials in its own subsidiaries. aside from this, the company does not solely depend on outside distributors to reach its customers. in fact, it has its own retail stores to distribute its products. in this scenario, which of the following alternatives to vertical integration is fortress international applying? a. concentric integration b. taper integration c. horizontal integration d. conglomerate integration