On its 2016 income statement, abbott laboratories reported research and development expense of $1,422,000,000. which of the following statements must be true? select one: a. abbott laboratories spent $1,422,000,000 in cash to develop new products and improve old products. b. research and development expense reduced abbott laboratories 2016 net income by $1,422,000,000. c. abbott laboratories capitalized at least $1,422,000,000 of research and development costs in 2016. d. the $1,422,000,000 included amortized research and development costs from prior years that were not previously expensed, because abbott laboratories incurs such expenses each year. e. none of the above