Two athletes of equal ability are competing for a prize of $10,000. each is deciding whether to take a dangerous performance-enhancing drug. if one athlete takes the drug and the other does not, the one who takes the drug wins the prize. if both or neither take the drug, they tie and split the prize. taking the drug imposes health risks that are equivalent to a loss of x dollars.

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i.e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?