Which of the following is an example of a variable cost?

a.

rent for a warehouse

b.

paychecks for salaried employees

c.

materials for making a product

d.

monthly payments on a loan

answer would be c

Gary becker's controversial the economics of discrimination concludes that price discrimination has no effect on final profits. price discrimination benefits monopolies. labor discrimination in hiring results in more efficient allocations of production. discrimination in hiring practices has no effect on final profits. labor discrimination harms firms that practice it due to increased labor costs. price discrimination harms monopolies, which refutes over two centuries of economic theory.

Ajustification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. however, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in ohio. in particu- lar, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output). (i) carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question. (ii) does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics? what are some of those measurable and unmeasurable worker characteristics? (iii) name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity. (iv) if you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? explain.

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