2. taxes paid for a given income level rosa is getting ready to do her taxes. she is single and lives in denver. rosa earned $60,000 in taxable income in 2015. she reviews the following table, which shows the irs tax rates for a single taxpayer in 2015. on annual taxable the tax rate (percent) up to $9,225 10.0 from $9,225 to $37,450 15.0 from $37,450 to $90,750 25.0 from $90,750 to $189,300 28.0 from $189,300 to $411,500 33.0 from $411,500 to $413,200 35.0 over $413,200 39.6 based on the irs table, rosa calculates that her marginal tax rate is when her annual taxable income is $60,000. rosa calculates that she owes in income taxes for 2015. rosa then calculates that her average tax rate is , based on the annual income level and the amount of taxes she owes for 2015. after figuring out what she owes in taxes in 2015, rosa decides to ask an accountant for tax advice. the accountant claims that he has found a legal way to shelter $4,000 of taxable income from the federal government. the maximum amount that rosa is willing to pay to learn this strategy and reduce her taxable income by $4,000 is . (hint: sheltering some income means finding a legal way to avoid being charged income tax on that income. for example, someone who has $50,000 in taxable income and shelters $10,000 pays income tax on only $40,000.)

The proliferation of bittorrent and other file sharing media have threatened the copyright system. based on an understanding of incentives and opportunity cost, how are the decisions of musicians likely impacted?

James albemarle created a trust fund at the beginning of 2016. the income from this fund will go to his son edward. when edward reaches the age of 25, the principal of the fund will be conveyed to united charities of cleveland. mr. albemarle specified that 75 percent of trustee fees are to be paid from principal. terry jones, cpa, is the trustee. james albemarle transferred cash of $500,000, stocks worth $400,000, and rental property valued at $250,000 to the trustee of this fund. immediately invested cash of $360,000 in bonds issued by the u.s. government. commissions of $7,900 are paid on this transaction. incurred permanent repairs of $9,000 so that the property can be rented. payment is made immediately. received dividends of $8,000. of this amount, $3,000 had been declared prior to the creation of the trust fund. paid insurance expense of $4,000 on the rental property. received rental income of $10,000. paid $8,000 from the trust for trustee services rendered. conveyed cash of $7,000 to edward albemarle.

Shrieves casting company is considering adding a new line to its product mix, and the capital budgeting analysis is being conducted by sidney johnson, a recently graduated mba. the production line would be set up in unused space in the main plant. the machinery’s invoice price would be approximately $200,000, another $10,000 in shipping charges would be required, and it would cost an additional $30,000 to install the equipment. the machinery has an economic life of 4 years, and shrieves has obtained a special tax ruling that places the equipment in the macrs 3-year class. the machinery is expected to have a salvage value of $25,000 after 4 years of use. the new line would generate incremental sales of 1,250 units per year for 4 years at an incremental cost of $100 per unit in the first year, excluding depreciation. each unit can be sold for $200 in the first year. the sales price and cost are both expected to increase by 3% per year due to inflation. further, to handle the new line, the firm’s net working capital would have to increase by an amount equal to 12% of sales revenues. the firm’s tax rate is 40%, and its overall weighted average cost of capital, which is the risk-adjusted cost of capital for an average project (r), is 10%. define “incremental cash flow.” (1) should you subtract interest expense or dividends when calculating project cash flow?