The research and development activity which starts after positive research results are available and attempts to turn these results into useful commercial applications is: a. basic research. b. applied research. c. development. d. redesign. e. commercial research.

c. development.

Explanation:

When the scientific / technological research is over and the results of this research are positive and applicable to several sectors or to a single productive sector, it is time to start the development phase.

This phase uses the results of the research to develop a new technology, or to improve a process that will greatly improve a productive, technological, social or even scientific sector.

In summary, we can say that development is a research activity that begins after positive research results are available and tries to turn those results into useful commercial applications.

answer; vertical marketing system;

the answer would be voluntary exchange -

"the act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions. moreover, transactions are made in such a way that both the buyer and the seller are better off after the exchange than before it occurred."

hope this : )

-shy