Establishing the need for marketing research: a. arises when managers must make decisions and they have inadequate information b. is determined by a quantitative analysis of the appropriateness of marketing research should be undertaken for every decision made in the firm c. stems from the need to establish a monitoring system that alerts mid management to either opportunities in the marketplace or problems d. should not come from a monitoring system but rather from management intuition e. should be determined only after the problem is clearly defined