Mutations are relatively uncommon because a. frameshift mutations occur very frequently. b. dna is able to repair itself over time. c. physical mutagens such as x-rays seldom damage dna. d. dna repair enzymes often repair errors. e. transposons are constantly moving throughout the genome.

Aresearcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. one stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. if the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur? a) the pollen grains will be pure red.b) the pollen grains will be pure blue.c) the pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.d) the pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors.

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?

Acertain species of fish can have either long or short fins. the allele for long fins is dominant over the allele for short fins. a heterozygous, long-finned fish is crossed with a homozygous, short-finned fish. of the offspring, will have long fins and be , and will have short fins and be .