The theory of island biogeography describes the number of species on an island as being determined by an equilibrium between the processes of immigration and extinction. consider a small, far-offshore island and a large, near-shore island. which island is expected to have a higher equilibrium number of species?

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) to study the dna-protein interactions.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.