Scientists stanley miller and harold urey sealed water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen in a flask, to simulate earth’s early environment. they exposed the chemicals to electric charges to simulate lighting. what did the process produce? a. nucleic acids b. bacteria c. viruses d. amino acids

The correct answer is D. amino acids.  

Miller and Urey were the ones who tested the chemical origin of life and they supported the theory that the life is formed spontaneously through naturally occurring chemical reactions. They designed the experiment in which the conditions of Earth's early atmosphere were simulated and showed that several organic amino acids had formed spontaneously from inorganic materials like water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen.

By water evaporation from the leaves is created a negative pressure at the top of the tree that promotes the ascension  of the water through channels that are called xylem. there are also two molecule forces that are involved: the intra-water molecules cohesion (water molecules stick to each other) and the adhesion when the water molecules stick to the channels they are running in. this is what enables water to go from the roots to the top of a tall tree.