What would be the result of an error in anaphase that failed to separate a pair of sister chromatids? a. one cell would have an extra gene, and one cell would be missing one gene. b. the nuclear envelope would not be able to break down. c. cytokinesis would not be able to take place, and the cells would not divide. d. one cell would have an extra chromosome, and one cell would lack a chromosome?

D., One gamete would have an extra chromosome and one gamete would be missing a chromosome. The condition of receiving the extra chromosome is called trisomy, and Down Syndrome is the result of trisomy on Chromosome 21. 

D.,  anaphase is the separation of the sister chromatids, so when they fail to separate, then some cells will have more/less chromosomes. Not genes.

I’m not exactly sure what your trying to ask, but if it’s how an organelle is similar to a body system or a part a nucleus is like a in function. but i don’t fully understand what you’re trying to ask

the glands which are associated with each description is given below:

pancreas - is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes juices with enzymes for digestion. salivary glands- with protection and digestion in the mouth. liver- secretes bile for digestion.   lachrymal glands - secrete tears to moisten eyes and protect them from particles and infection.   sweat gland -regulates water, salt, and temperature. oil glands - to form a protective barrier on the skin.   goblet cells - secrete mucus for protection.