X-rays taken in the trauma room show a fracture dislocation of the thoracic spine between the 11th thoracic vertebra (t11) and the 12th thoracic vertebra (t12). an mri confirms the clinical impression that joe’s spinal cord is completely disrupted at this level. what does the organization of white and gray matter in the spinal cord look like at the area where joe’s injury is located?

Consider that Joe’s spinal cord is completely upset which means that the gray and white matter organization certainly be a mess. The gray matter contains Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which would be leaked into the surroundings. CSF contains nutrition’s and neurons. This injury would make the surrounding neuronal area susceptible to degradation which results in lack of nerve impulse conduction. Furthermore, when we see white matter under the microscope, we will see many broken neural fibers. This indicted that the functionality associated with fibers of T12 is no longer working. Moreover, white matter will fill all the place of injury.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.