Based on carol dweck's research (2004, 2012), effectively teaching young teens that the brain is like a muscle; it grows stronger with use as neuron connections grow. praising children's effort rather than their ability encourages which causes them to attribute success to hard work.

Whenever diploid populations are in hardy-weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus a) the allele's frequency should not change from one generation to the next, but its representation in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes may change. b) natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift are acting equally to change an allele's frequency. c) this means that, at this locus, two alleles are present in equal proportions. d) the population itself is not evolving, but individuals within the population may be evolving.