How can evolutionary fitness be estimated? how can evolutionary fitness be estimated? count the number of healthy, fertile offspring produced. document how long individuals survive. determine which individuals are strongest. determine which phenotype is the most common?

emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.