What do the lichens and mosses produce to break down rocks to begin the formation of soil

Salmonella typhimurium is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that can cause severe gastrointestinal disease. salmonella is often phagocytosed by macrophages that normally destroy bacterial pathogens, but this bacterium is somehow able to prevent the complete maturation of phagolysosomes. salmonella is able to tolerate the low ph of phagolysosomes, and in fact responds to the drop in ph by secreting toxins that interfere with other cellular responses. which of the following differences would you expect to contribute to the survival of a bacterium within an salmonella-containing phagosome, compared to a healthy phagolysosome? decreased activity of acid hydrolases increased activity of acid hydrolases decreased import of h+ ions increased import of h+ ions my guess is decreased activity of acid hydrolases but i'm not sure.

Kelly ran electricity though a sample of water using electrolysis. the water changed into two gases, x and y. it was not possible to break down the gases x and y into simpler particles.

Which is the function of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation? answers: -sensor -effector -stimulus -intergrating center it's either a or c i believe