Wildfires benefit forest ecosystems by a. stimulating growth b. reducing underbrush c. stimulating plant reproduction d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Explanation:

Wildfire is an important ecological factor. This helps in  dispersal of seeds, germinating the plant seeds and stimulating growth by providing the appropriate temperature. The wildfire also helps in providing the benefit of clearing up of the unwanted bushes which may interfere with the growth of the beneficial tree species. The forests fires also returns nutrients in the form of ash to the soil beneficial for stimulating the growth.

answer: i don't know

explanation:

you need to provide a picture, otherwise i can't tell you.

if you can provide one, i'd be more than happy to you with this!