Up to 25% of a cell's atp is used to run sodium-potassium pumps. without the resulting sodium and potassium gradients, neurons and muscles cannot fire properly. the sodium-potassium pump catalyzes:

The answer is active transport. Most cells have a resting potential on the inside of the cells usually negatively charged compared to the outside. Neurons have a resting potential of -70 mV. The sodium-potassium pump maintains this potential by pumping sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

regents of the university of california v. bakke, 438 u.s. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the supreme court of the united states. it upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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-lavira : )