1. The bright solar feature shown in the picture is a solar flare.
A solar flare lasts for few minutes to an hour. When magnetic energy which is built up suddenly releases, a bright flare can be observed. This event may not cause loss of mass but large amount of electromagnetic radiation is emitted. A sudden rise in brightness can be observed.
2. Â The layer of the Sun that is responsible for Solar flares is Photosphere.
It is the atmosphere of Sun. It has granules of plasma and cooler regions called sunspots.