Compare the gill arches in marine vertebrates with the ribs in terrestrial vertebrates.

In marine vertebrates, the gill arches use the external gas exchange. The water holds less oxygen.

 The ribs in terrestrial vertebrates have enclosed respiratory surface which is inside the body and comes as paired lungs.

Kidneys are efficient in excretion of regulation of water and nitrogenous wastes. Their reproduction is normally sexual with separate sexes.

The gill arches in marine vertebrates is the breathing source of the aquatic species, same with the ribs in terrestrial vertebrates where the exchange of oxygen occur. Moreover, marine vertebrates like fishes have fins and skin that covers the external gills while the ribs and diaphragm cover the lungs that help move air into and out of the body.  

The answer will be d