We are told that every surface we touch is teeming with bacterial cells, and bacteria are found in the pools we swim in, the water we wash with, and on the hands of friends. why are we not inundated with bacterial infections on our skin?

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?