Suppose a population of insects live in a sandy habitat. some of the insects have tan bodies and some have green bodies. over time, the habitat changes to a grass-filled meadow. use the ideas of natural selection to explain how and why the insect population might change.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

2. cheryl hears a new song on the radio every day during the week on her commute to work. surprisingly, when the song comes on at a party on saturday night, she knows most of the words without trying. describe the three ways that we use cognition to learn without reinforcement. which type of cognitive learning without reinforcement best explains how cheryl knew the song lyrics? explain your answer.

Plz ! what does it mean for an allele to be dominant?