Insulin is a protein hormone. how would insulin bind to its target cells?
through a receptor on the cell membrane that transduces its signal to the cell's dna
through a receptor on the cell's nucleus that transduces its signal to the cell's dna
by binding to a receptor in the cytoplasm that binds to the cell's dna
by binding to the cell's dna directly, after passing through the cell membrane
i think this is a based on a ton of research i just did, but still not totally sure.

The correct answer would be "Through a receptor on the cell membrane that transduces its signal to the cell's DNA".

Hormones produce their effects mainly by binding to their specific receptors. It leads to the formation of a hormone-receptor complex which results in certain biochemical changes on a target tissue.

These receptors can be of two types of membrane-bound and intracellular receptors.

The hormones which are protein or amine in nature are water soluble and thus can not pass through the lipid bilayer of a cell. They produce their effects mainly by binding to the membrane bound receptors. For example, insulin, growth hormone, Adrenaline, ADH, oxytocin, FSH, TSH et cetera.

Insulin binds to glycoprotein complex receptor present in the cell membrane.

In contrast, a lipid-soluble hormone such as steroidal hormone (estrogen) binds to the intra-cellular receptors as they can easily pass through the lipid bilayer.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus.

this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells. calcium carbonate is strengthened by phosphorus.

explanation:

six grader is what i am ssorry