The vascular cambium
is part of a plant's primary growth
produces secondary phloem and xylem tissue
decreases in ring size each year

The vascular cambium produces secondary phloem and xylem tissue.
Vascular cambium, a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem of a vascular plant. It is also the source of both secondary xylem growth and the secondary phloem growth.  Vascular cambium is usually found on dicots and gymnosperms not on monocots which usually lack secondary growth. It does not transport water, dissolved food or minerals by plants. Vascular cambia are cylinders of unspecialized meristem cells which divide  to make new cells which specialize to form secondary vascular tissues.

It should be cryosphere and hydrosphere

The soviet union beat the us to the first successful launch, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to have the first human in earth orbit, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the "race" peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11