And are the components of ribosomes.

RNA and proteins.

Explanation:

Ribosomes are membrane-free granules made up of protein-associated RNA molecules, present in all cell types and visible only through the electron microscope. They are formed by two subunits of different sizes and densities, being called major and minor.

Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins by joining their amino acids. This synthesis is controlled by mRNA (messenger RNA) formed in gene transcription under DNA command. MRNA, associated with a group of ribosomes called polyribosomes, guides the sequence of amino acids that will form proteins. These amino acids are brought by the tRNA (carrier RNA) and are nested according to the sequence determined by the mRNA. As polyribosomes traverse the mRNA strand, proteins are synthesized.

relative dating involves things like higher layers are most recent than rocks lower in the sequence. this can be extended to the known sequence of fossils. rocks containing rabbit fossils are later than those containing dinosaur fossils.  

absolute dating methods mainly use radioactive elements that have known rates of decay and produce recognizable products. for example potassium 40 decays to produce argon. once a rock has solidified the argon is trapped. by measuring the argon and potassium0 you can get an accurate number for the age.  

some other methods are good for archaeological ages. dendrochronology involves recognizing the sequence of tree rings. the orientation of magnetized particles in baked clay can be used to date a fire.

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