Which of the following statements is true?
a. biotic factors are nonliving components of an ecosystem.
b. abiotic factors are living components of an ecosystem.
c. the available space in an ecosystem is an abiotic limiting factor.
d. the available water supply in an ecosystem is a biotic limiting factor.

Some species of wasps are social. the queen starts a colony from scratch each spring. she builds a small nest, and lays and raises a group of female workers. the workers enlarge the nest while the queen continues to lay eggs. unfertilized eggs become males that mate with newly hatched females. all of the wasps except the newly fertilized females die by the summer. which best describes this behavior? a)it is beneficial only to the males that do not fertilize eggs. b)it is beneficial only to the female workers that are not fertilized. c)it is beneficial to each one of the individual colony members. d)it is beneficial to the whole species, but not to all of the individual members.