Describe the changes that occur to t lymphocytes during an immune response. explain the roles of t lymphocytes in fighting an infection by a pathogen such as a virus.

T lymphocytes have a special receptor called CD8 that they use to attach to a cell that has been infected by a virus. Once they recognize the infected cell, T lymphocytes are stimulated to divide and proliferate  and they release  potent substances  known as cytokines with the help of T-helper cells.

An example of a cytokine is gamma interferon.

The cytokines limit viral reproduction  while also activating  other immune system cells such as macrophages and  phagocytes that can destroy an infected cell.

a warm, wet climate will produce the highest rate of weathering. the warmer a climate is, the more types of vegetation it will have and the greater the rate of biological weathering (figure below). this happens because plants and bacteria grow and multiply faster in warmer temperatures.

protist eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi ("misfits")