The "reproductive handicap" for sexual reproduction refers to the "reproductive handicap" for sexual reproduction refers to

It refers to have only half the offspring are females.  A female undergoing asexual reproduction would have offspring that have 100% of her genes, whereas a sexually reproducing female typically passes only 50% of her genetic material to her offspring. It can produce more offspring in a given time is sexually reproducing organisms. 

an organism's phenotype is the  form of a trait  that it  displays. for  flowercolor, a pea  plant  can  display  a phenotype of purple or white flowers. an organism's  genotype  is the alleles of a gene it contains. based on his data, mendel concluded that a phenotype can be  determined  by more than one  genotype.

lesson summarykaryotypes a genome is the full set of all the genetic information that an organism carries in its dna. chromosomes arebundles of dna and protein found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.