Which of the following body systems work together to remove the waste products of cellular respiration from cells.
a. the digestive and respiratory systems
b. the respiratory and circulatory systems
c. the digestive and circulatory systems
d. the circulatory and excretory systems

The answer is B. The respiratory system and circulatory system.

During cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to oxidize glucose. Oxidation of glucose releases energy and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste product.  It must be removed from cells. With help of circulatory system, carbon dioxide is transported through the blood from the cells to the lungs. Lungs are the part of respiratory system, from there carbon dioxide is expelled out via trachea and nostrils.  

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.