Describe how insulation works and the role it plays in keeping our homes at a comfortable temperature.

Insulation isa property of objects that inhibits heat transfer and its counter property is conduction.
As much hot air is pressured into the room space by a condiitioner, the heat accumulates. The objects we have at home like cloth, wood and other objects inhibits or gradually slows the heat to escape and going onto the cold areas outside. This prevents the room temperature from shrinking from its desired state. 

Well, both latitude and intensity of light affect temperature because, the higher the light intensity, the higher the temperature and since latitude is the measure of how close you are to the equator, then the closer to the equator you are, the higher the temperature is.