Summarize the case of the atlantic cod. in your response, specifically address the following points: what method is most commonly used to extract cod? what are the environmental consequences of this method? what is the evidence that cod are being overfished? what remedies have governments enacted to restore cod populations?

Atlantic cod was the mainstay of fisheries based in southeast Canada and New England.for centuries However, in the early 1990s, a dramatic decline in cod stocks forced fishery managers to close some of the world's most productive fishing grounds..The case study of the Atlantic Cod as an illustration of major issues in the management of marine fisheries.The bottom trawl increased landings but unlike earlier methods, captured many non-target species and disturbed or destroyed bottom habitats. In May of 2003, the Canadian fisheries ministry ordered an end to all Atlantic cod fishing in three regions off the Newfoundland and Labrador coast In the same year fishing in three regions off the Newfoundland and Labrador coast. In the same year,Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic cod populations were declared “endangered.”.The establishment of a “200-mile fishing limit”.had been demanded by the domestic fishing industry for years to reduce the impact of foreign fishing vessels on fish stocks. Recently, it has been suspected that increased herring populations may be inhibiting recovery of cod.  Atlantic herring populations increased after the decline of Atlantic cod in the early 1990s  Herring feed on cod eggs and larvae and therefore, the community may be stuck in a herringâ€dominated system. Earlier attempts to end over fishing and implement ecosystem-based fishery management have fallen short of the hopes of mostfisheries managers and scientists.