Place the primers in the correct orientation and locations to amply this gene by pcr. if a primer does not belong in a particular location, place the label with an "x" in that location. note that the arrows on the primers represent the direction of dna synthesis.

DNA replication is the process of doubling a DNA double chain. In cells, DNA replication occurs before cell division. Prokaryotes continually replicate DNA. In eukaryotes, the timing of DNA replication is highly regulated, ie in the S phase of the cell cycle, before mitosis or meiosis I. The multiplication utilizes the DNA polymerase enzyme which helps form bonds between the nucleotides that make up the DNA polymer. The process of DNA replication can also be carried out in vitro in a process called a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

A slow strand (Lagging strand) is a DNA strand located on the opposite side of the leading strand on the replication fork. These strands are synthesized in segments called Okazaki fragments. In this string, primases form RNA primers. The DNA polymerase can thus use OH 3 'free groups in the RNA primer to synthesize DNA in the direction of 5' → 3 '. The primary RNA fragments are then removed (for example by RNase H and DNA Polymerase I) and new deoxyribonucleotides are added to fill the gaps that were previously occupied by RNA. DNA ligase then connects the Okazaki fragments so that the synthesis of lagging strands is complete.

Primers both on the steering strand and on the lagging strand will elongate with the help of Holoenzyme DNA polymerase III. This multisubunit complex is a dimer, half will work on the steering strand and the other half will work on lagging strands. Thus, the synthesis of the two strands will run at the same speed.

Each dimer part of the two strands consists of subunit a, which has the actual polymerase function, and subunit e, which has an editing function in the form of exonuclease 3'– 5 ’. In addition, there is a subunit b that attaches polymerase to DNA.

Once the primers in the remaining strand are removed by DNA polymerase III, they will be removed immediately and the gaps caused by the loss of the primer are filled with DNA polymerase I, which has 5 '- 3' polymerase activity, 5 '- 3' exonuclease, and editing 3 exonuclease '- 5'. Eksonuklease 5 '- 3' discard the primer, while the polymerase will fill the gap caused. Finally, the Okazaki fragments will be united by the DNA ligase enzyme. In vivo, the dimoenzyme DNA polymerase III and primosomes are believed to form large complexes called replisomes. With the replisom DNA synthesis will take place at 900 bp per second.

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DNA replication

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Grade:  College

Subject:  Biology

keywords: DNA, RNA, replication.

Primers should be located in the 5' end of the sequence because only in this direction, DNA polymerase enzyme work properly.  

Further Explanation:

DNA synthesis is a very organized and highly systemic process. The addition of bases in both strands takes place from 5’ to 3’ end of the new DNA strand using all the DNA polymerase. The only difference is the continuous and discontinuous synthesis of DNA in leading and lagging strands, respectively. Three types of DNA polymerase are found, and each has some specific function during DNA replication. A common feature of all three polymerases is the addition of nucleotides from 5’ to 3’ direction of the new DNA strand.

DNA primase plays an essential role in the synthesis of primers. These primers, in turn, are used by DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. DNA polymerase requires primers to start the synthesis of the new strands. Enzyme primase is responsible for the synthesis of these primers. In vitro DNA synthesis occurs with the help of PCR. To amplify a genetic sequence with the help of polymerase chain reaction require a reverse primer and forward primer.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subjects: Biology

Chapter: Molecular Biology

Keywords:

DNA polymerase, synthesis, primer, PCR, forward, primer, continuous, strand, systemic feature, leading lagging, replication, primase.