James was exposed to a pathogen when he was 10 years old and felt ill. what would most likely happen if he were exposed to the same pathogen when he is 12 years old? a his body would destroy the pathogen before he felt symptoms. b his reaction to the pathogen would be worse than the first. c his antibodies would decrease, since he had been exposed already. d new types of antibodies would be made in response to the second exposure.

Ans. (A). His body would destroy the pathogen before he felt symptoms.

The immune system works to protect the body against pathogenic microbes or and tumor cells. When an antigen enters the body for the first time, B cells of immune system make effector cells and memory cells.

The effector cells provide response against target antigens (first immune response), while memory cells go in blood circulation and respond against that antigen on its re-exposure. The second immune response is faster and more effective than first immune response.

Hence, James has memory cells for that pathogen, during its first exposure and these memory cells were show faster response against the pathogen, when it enters for the second time.  

Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

A.)His body would destroy the pathogen before he felt symptoms.

Explanation: a because his body will have already fought it and will basically know what to do to fight it again. its kinda like some illnesses where you get it ounce and cant get it again because they are now immune except he wont be amine to it his body would just be better prepared.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

the glands which are associated with each description is given below: