Asurgical team performing open-heart surgery on a patient is an example of a (n) group.

The answer to this question should be: formal group

A formal group is made by some people that were made to achieve a certain goal. This group mostly have a good structure and hierarchy. They work in a professional way so it might have some legal responsibility that was regulated by law.
In this case, the team performing open-heart surgery should have a leader that will determine what will they do when some options appear. Every member also has different roles and capability. They also have shared responsibility about the patient well being. 

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