Scientists used to say that all living things depend on the sun. explain why this statement is no longer valid?

Scientists used to say that all living things depend on the sun because that time microbes and animals under deep sea and hydrothermal vents were not discovered.

Deep-sea and caves are the limited places where sunlight does not penetrate but life flourish there. They are mostly microorganism which get their energy by underwater volcanic vents and even do not require oxygen to survive.

These microorganisms obtain energy by chemosynthesis. It is the process in which microbes utilize chemicals released by hydrothermal vent like hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and other chemicals to obtain energy.

Therefore, the statement that says all living things depend on the sun is no longer valid.

emerging idea only occurs as a raw idea that could appear out of nowhere. meanwhile, to reach scientific consensus , that idea must be structured and tested over and over again through various experiments. the scientific consensus transforms the raw idea into idea that is more reliable through the process of scientific elimination.

the answer you are looking for is the united states forest service.

hope this !