Each node on a cladogram represents o the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic.
O the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.
O the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade.
o the point at which one or more species became extinct.

the answer is "a.) well–developed vascular system."

explanation:

a. population growth is decreasing

-2

+4

-10

-3

-8

-3

so the population decreased by 24 because 3+3+8+10+2=26-2=24.

hoped i !

explanation:

the earth is thought to have been formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions from a cloud of hydrogen, helium, rock, ice and other materials. these were pulled together by gravity to form objects in and around earth like- asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals.

so, the best possible answer to this question will be option d- to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers