Reading list Procedures:
Qualitative Observations
1. Line up each of the skulls on the lab table, facing to the left, with the Frankfurt planes parallel to the ground.
2. Observe each skull from the side, recording your observations about the following features (use the table below to record your observations):
A. Forehead: Is the angle of the forehead sloping or more vertical? Is the brow ridge above the eyes small, medium, or large? Does the forehead

extend out above the eyes?
B. Face: Is the shape of the face sloped or flattened and vertical?
C. Teeth: Are the teeth long or short? Sharp or dull?
3. Observe each skull from the bottom view and locate the foramen magnum. This is the hole that connects the brain stem to the spinal cord. Record
your observation of the location of each skull's foramen magnum. Is it located toward the front or the rear of the skull?
4. Observe each skull from the top and record your observations of the shape of the brain cavity. Is it more round or oval? Are the edges more squared off
or pointed? Make comparisons between the skulls.
Quantitative Observations Determine Supraorbital Height
1. Use the calipers to measure the distance AC (from point A to point on the skull).
2. Use the calipers to measure the distance BC (from point B to point on the skull).
3. These measurements will be used to calculate the skull's supraorbital height index according to the formula: (BC/AC) * 100 = Supraorbital Height Index
(note: The unit of measurement is SHI.)
4. Record the skull's supraorbital height index in the data table.
5. Take the same measurements for each of the skulls, recording the supraorbital heights index in the data table.
Data and Observations:
Create a data table to record your observations and measurements for each skull:
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