Catabolic pathways that require oxygen are referred to as . Catabolic pathways that can function with low levels of oxygen are called .

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.

biology is the study of life. it is the study of living organism.

economic impact of malaria is estimated to cost africa $12 billion every year. this figure factors in costs of health care, absenteeism, days lost in education, decreased productivity due to brain damage from cerebral malaria, and loss of investment and tourism.