The high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space flows down their concentration gradient into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This flow powers the creation of ATP in a process known as

ysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes, such as glycosidases, proteases and sulfatases. lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (er), are transported to the golgi apparatus, and are tagged for lysosomes by the addition of mannose-6-phosphate label.

explanation:

it marks things for degradation via the proteasome. it alters there celluar location.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.