The elk population discussed above produced 58 calves in 1990 but only 22 were alive by December 31, 1990. In addition, 37 yearling and older elk died during 1990. What was the per capita birth and death rate and the logarithmic net per capita rate of change (R) over the year? Is this elk population increasing?

For the strategies below, decide whether they are best described as demand-side solutions or supply-side solutions to meeting human needs for fresh water. remember that a demand-side solution reduces demand for fresh water, whereas a supply-side solution increases the supply of fresh water. (a) damming a river to create a reservoir (b) desalinating seawater (c) a nation invading a neighboring country to access their rivers (d) raising water prices for consumers and businesses (e) providing tax breaks for companies that use less water (f) replacing inefficient irrigation with more-efficient drip irrigation to grow crops (g) requiring low-flow showerheads in all new homes