what is the reason for the rapid decline in biomass that occur past a critical flow rate in a chemostat

For a comparative or experimental investigation, scientists often make a testable about a scientific question, and then they test it in the investigation. a.control b.hypothesis c.procedure d.system

Some species of wasps are social. the queen starts a colony from scratch each spring. she builds a small nest, and lays and raises a group of female workers. the workers enlarge the nest while the queen continues to lay eggs. unfertilized eggs become males that mate with newly hatched females. all of the wasps except the newly fertilized females die by the summer. which best describes this behavior? a)it is beneficial only to the males that do not fertilize eggs. b)it is beneficial only to the female workers that are not fertilized. c)it is beneficial to each one of the individual colony members. d)it is beneficial to the whole species, but not to all of the individual members.

Which atmospheric later is where earths northern and southern lights occur