What might happen if the shape of an enzyme controlling ATP production is altered?

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).

the answer is either a. or d. if you're talking about fully electric cars, then the answer is a. if you're talking about hybrid cars, the answer would be d.