the photograph shows a consequence of air pollution. which of these was most likely the cause of the effect shown in the photograph?

the darker peppered moth species were favored due to the fact that the industrial revolution had made all the nearby trees a darker color instead of white.

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).

well for one plants are always the producer, so a is the answer. a wolf is more of the consumer(predator) and the deer is the prey so i know those two are out of the question. also mushrooms are fungi/fungus so a is the producer.