Trait-mediated indirect effects Group of answer choices include effects caused by changes in the distribution or behavior of an intermediate species. often depend on the density of an intermediate species. are most common in aquatic communities. include competition between two species.

b

explanation:

surface mining destroys mountain tops, landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats. on top of that, it leads to soil erosion and destruction of agricultural land. the landscape changes can also disrupt river channels and streams, which leads to flooding. which, can destroy plant life and other animals as well.

explanation:

the cost of mining is extremely low compared to the money earned from mining, creating income to improve the environment.